🌱 Soil & Base Preparation
• Leveling: Ground must be even, with proper slope (1–2%) for drainage.
• Soil mix: Sandy loam is ideal (good balance of sand, silt, clay).
• Compaction: Well-compacted sub-base prevents uneven sinking.
• Topsoil thickness: 10–15 cm of good-quality topsoil improves grass rooting.
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💧 Drainage & Irrigation
• Proper drainage: Essential to prevent waterlogging and muddy patches.
• Irrigation system: Sprinklers or drip ensure uniform watering.
• Water quality: pH-balanced, not saline or alkaline.
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🌿 Grass Selection
• Climate suitability: Choose turfgrass species suited to local weather.
o Warm-season grasses (Bermuda, Zoysia, Seashore Paspalum) – tropical climates.
o Cool-season grasses (Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass) – temperate regions.
• Wear tolerance: High durability for sports.
• Fast recovery: Ability to regrow after damage.
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☀️ Sunlight & Airflow
• Direct sunlight: Most grasses need 5–6 hours daily.
• Air circulation: Prevents fungal growth and turf disease.
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⚙️ Maintenance Practices
• Mowing: Regular mowing at the correct height.
• Aeration: Prevents soil compaction, improves root health.
• Fertilization: Balanced nutrients (N-P-K, micronutrients).
• Weed & pest control: Essential for playability.
• Rolling: Keeps the surface firm and even.
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🏟️ Sports-Specific Needs
• Hardness/softness balance: Firm enough for play, soft enough to reduce injuries.
• Uniform bounce: Especially important in cricket.
• Shock absorption: Reduces player fatigue and risk of injury.
• Markings & boundaries: Clearly visible, regularly maintained.
